John Allsopp

Professionally engineered Internet solutions for humans

Choosing a Linux distribution

I can't seem to help myself, I keep reading and hearing snippets of information about different Linux distributions and there doesn't seem to be a place where they are collected and summarised so that people who are new to Linux can make a decent choice. So I'm going to create such a place, and here's where it starts (I'll sort out the format as I go along).

The views here aren't mine, they aren't even going to be consistent. I'll just try to collect and organise what I see and hear. Obviously you use what's here at your own risk.

Recommended reading

Personally, I can't think of better leisure or holiday reading than Free as in Freedom or The Hacker Ethic.

According to the editorial team at professional news weekly Computing (not recommended reading, I'm just using them as a springboard for my point), reading their publication in the morning commute can get you chatted up. Imagine how much more sexy you will look reading something that says "yes, I'm a geek (high earning potential, intelligent) but I have high ethical standards too. I have a heart". Get them books ordered!

Key issues

Free
There's free as in freedom, and free as in beer. The main man in software freedom is Richard Stallman, who heads up the Free Software Foundation (FSF) and the GNU project which produces the Gnome desktop. The FSF is linked most closely to Debian, which is one reason for its popularity. Most distributions and applications are free as in beer. Buy a Linux magazine with a distribution disc on the front, download one, or join your local LUG (Int'l/UK) and ask. You won't get any manuals or support with a cost free Linux (besides the usual man pages and so on), so you'll probably need a LUG's support. You can pay a little for a retail boxed version (or buy a Linux book with the distribution disc in the sleeve), in which case you're paying for that extra information and help, or the serious enterprise level versions of, for instance, Red Hat Enterprise, can cost thousands of pounds (but are beyond the scope of this page).
KDE vs Gnome
These are window or desktop managers and determine how your Linux distribution's graphical environment looks and acts. KDE is the most popular and consistent, is free (as in freedom), may be closer to what a Windows user expects and is said to be easier to use, but it's considered garish by modern Gnome users who prefer its stylish understatement (you decide: KDE/Gnome). Gnome is also free (as in freedom) and part of Stallman's GNU Project. There is also xfce, voted third most popular by TUX magazine readers, IceWM (may feel familiar to Windows users, aims at speed and simplicity).
Package databases
It occurs to me, as I struggle to install Kino on my new Fedora Core 4 because Kino isn't in the Yum package database so I'm in dependency hell installing using rpm, and for some reason my FireFox doesn't want to download anything properly and Opera isn't in Yum either, that these nice installers are actually quite limited and that since I only installed FC4 so that I could use Kino, I ought to have checked this beforehand. I don't actually know how to check what's in the Yum or apt-get databases and I presume autopackage will make all this redundant, but it seems to be a burning concern to me now.

Linux Distributions comparison table

key

Name USP/target Popularity Review verdicts Successful installations Default desktop URL Based on
Arch Linux Simple, lightweight, flexible -/1       www.archlinux.org/  
Catux Can be run from a USB pendrive, Catalan language support 0/1       www.catux.org/ Knoppix
CentOS   8/2 2006: Linux User readers nominated for best distribution. 0/1   www.centos.org/  
CoLinux Will run alongside Windows 0/1       www.colinux.org/  
Damn Small Linux   /1 50MB live CD, 32MB memory requirement (Linux Format Feb 2006)       Knoppix
Debian The most free (as in freedom). Reputation for being difficult to install (Linux Format Feb 2006) 39/23   1/2   www.debian.org/  
Dyne:bolic Multimedia 0/2 Live CD     dynebolic.org  
Edubuntu   /2          
Feather   /1 /      
Fedora Wide audience, productivity worker, developers, sysads. Not for beginners. LXF72: 'Stressful' 15/23 FC4 4/10 (LXF69 Aug 2005). Hardest for installing new s/w 0/1 Gnome fedora.redhat.com  
Foresight Linux Showcases the latest and greatest from Gnome 1/1     Gnome foresightLinux.com  
Gentoo LXF72: Focuses on configurability, optimisation and good support, which is needed because you build this system from scratch 9/4   0/1   www.gentoo.org  
Kanotix From their site: "A rock-solid Linux, based on Debian, which contains the newest packages and recognizes more modern hardware than any other operating system in use today". 1/1       kanotix.com Debian
Knoppix   17/8 V4.0 8/10 (LXF72 Nov 2005) 0/1 KDE Debian
Linspire Ease of use 2/14 The easiest (Tux Dec 2005)   KDE www.linspire.com  
Lycoris   1/1     KDE www.lycoris.com  
Mandriva Not cost free, good for laptops 6/29 LXF 73 7/10: brilliant configuration utilities, unprecedented hardware support, but questions about how it will develop, and just 6/10 for features and documentation. New Linux user. Had a reputation for bleeding edge that's not so true nowadays (Linux Format Feb 2006) 0/1 KDE frontal2.mandriva.com  
MEPIS   1/10       www.mepis.org/ Debian
muLinux muLinux is a minimalistic Linux distribution, suitable for old computers. 0/1       mulinux.dotsrc.org/  
PCLinuxOS Appears to attempt to mimic Windows. 1/3       www.pclinuxonline.com/pclos/ Mandriva
Puppy   /1      
Red Hat Enterprise   /8        
Redhawk   /1      
Slackware Reputation for being difficult to install (Linux Format Feb 2006) -/8 Linux Format 74 (Christmas 2005) rated Slackware v10.2 7/10    
Stampede Linux   0.6/1       stampede.org  
StudioToGo A live CD for computer musicians 0/1       ferventsoftware.com  
Sun Wah Linux Hong Kong based, has provided on a large-scale to Chinese education department and schools 0.3/1       www.sw-linux.com  
SUSE Not cost-free 25/29 2006: Linux User readers nominated for best distribution. LXF73 9/10. TUX readers' second favourite (2005), LXF72: aimed at the mass market, not really for programmers. Good hardward support. 0/1 Gnome/KDE www.novell.com/linux/suse  
TurboLinux   -/3 LXF72: TurboLite for low end machines    
(K)Ubuntu Usability, int'l focus, free of charge 10/26 2006: Linux User readers voted best distribution. Linux Format 74 (Christmas 2005) rated Ubuntu v5.10 9/10. TUX readers' favourite (2005) 0/2 Gnome www.ubuntulinux.org/ Debian
Vector Linux Light, for older machines. -/2 Great for low end, older h/w (Tux Nov 2005)     vectorlinux.com/ Slackware
Xandros   1/9 Good for a Linux user on a Windows network (Tux Dec 2005)   KDE www.xandros.com  
Zenwalk   /1          

Key: The popularity score is how many millions of pages Google.co.uk finds for that distribution (run on 21/11/05 or later) / the number of mentions I've read or seen or heard and bothered to write down since mid November 2005. Popularity is important because it determines how many people are out there who can help when you have a problem, and you will have a problem. Installations is a count of how many times I've personally attempted to install that distribution: succeeded/total.

Feel free to contact me with any suggestions or amendments.

Other resources

Last updated: 18 November 2007.